whenever引导的两类状语从句知识点总结
■引导让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句,表示无论何时,相当于 at whatever time, no matter when等。如:
whenever i see him, hes reading.
我无论什么时候看到他,他都在看书。
whenever i go to london i try to see vieky.
我什么时候去伦敦,都设法去看看维基。
whenever you come, you are welcome.
你什么时候来,我们都欢迎。
■引导时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句,表示每当一就,与when用法相似,但语气更强。如:
the roof leaks whenever it rains.
这屋顶一下雨就漏。
i go to the theatre whenever i get the chance.
一有机会我就去看戏。
whenever i mention playing football, he says hes too busy.
我一跟他提踢足球的事, 他就说太忙。
从句主语和谓语有时可以有所省略。如:
whenever (it is) possible, he goes to see her.
部分状语从句知识点总结
引导时间状语从句的从属连词(以下称引导词)很多,为方便记忆,现作以下分类:
1. 基本类
包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。如:
did anyone call when i was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗?
we have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。
youll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。
make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。
dont promise him anything till weve had time to think about it. 在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。
2. 名词类
即由名词词组充当引导词,包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等(均表示一就。如
i loved you the instant (that) i saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。
tell me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。
状语从句知识点总结之时间状语从句
■引导时间状语从句的从属连词
引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,如较基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等:
things were different when i was a child. 我小时候情况与现在不同。
we must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
it’s a long time since i met you last. 从上次见到你,已有很长时间了。
he waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。
除以上基本的引导时间状语从句的从属连词外,还有些本来不是从属连词却可用作从属连词的词:
(1) 表示“一…就”的从属连词:the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如:
immediately he came i told him the news. 他一来我就把消息告诉了他。
the moment i saw him i knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道没希望了。
we had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我们刚出发就下雨了。
once he arrives, we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。
(2) 涉及time的几个从属连词:every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) ne_t time(下次),any time(随时),the last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如:
every time i see her i’ll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起这事。
he felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话,他都感到紧张。
he didn’t tell me the last time i saw him. 我上次见到他时他没告诉我。
■与时间状语从句有关的.时态问题
关于这个问题有两点值得注意:
(1) 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时,时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态:
turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。
i will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就告诉他。
(2) 与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态:
he has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来,他就一直住在这儿。
where have you been since i last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?
注在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用过去完成时或一般现在时:
it seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。
yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。
让步和比较状语从句的知识总结总结
知识点总结
一、让步状语从句
所谓让步,就是我们日常生活中“退一步说……”的意思,有一种转折关系在里面。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although,while, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever,一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,“无论……”。用法如下:
1、though, although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet, still或never,the less连用,但不能与but连用。例如:
although/though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。
值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
2、as,though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。例如:
hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。
3、 even if, even though 表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意,含有一种假设。 这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的'假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事。例如:
we’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。
4、whether...or...表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:
you'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼 。
5、“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如:
no matter what happened, he would not mind. (=whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。
但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如:whatever (=no matter what) you say, i won’t believe you. (whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
i'll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。
二、比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般是指含有比较级的句子中由as或than引起的从句。从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句,例如:
he moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行动起来比他妹妹慢。
he works as hard as his brother(does). 他学习和他哥哥一样努力。
常见考法
对于让步和比较状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题: it is very late now, the workers are still working in the factory.
a although b as c when d if
解析:本题考查让步状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意“尽管现在很晚了,工人们仍然在工厂工作”,前后有转折关系,是让步状语从句。
误区提醒
用though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气。例如:
不能说:though he looks weak, but he is healthy.
而要说:though he looks weak, he is healthy.
或者说:he looks weak, but he is healthy.
典型例题:though it rained heavily yesterday, he got to school on time.
a but b / c and
解析:题干的意思是“尽管昨天下大雨了,他还是按时到达了学校”,前后是转折关系,有同学可能会选a,但hough/although和but不能同时使用,所以选b。
答案:b
状语从句的知识点总结
in that是一种固定搭配,其意为因为,与for the reason that, because 同义,可用于引导原因状语从句。如:
im in a slightly awkward position in that hes not arriving until the 10th.
我的处境有点尴尬,因为他要到10号才来。
most of them are not in reality engineers, in that the work they do is mostly clerical.
他们中的'大多数人实际上都不是工程师,因为他们做的主要是办公室工作。
i am an optimist in that i believe that human beings do not always perversely try to make life worse for themselves.
我是乐天派的人,因为我认为人类并非总是违反常情地力图使自己的生活变差。
比较状语从句基本用法
比较状语从句从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句,它通常可和以下关联词来引导as(或so)...as,than,according as,in proportion as等。
1、as...as...
eg. i have never seen so much rain as fell that february. 我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。(否定结构常用so…as, 也可用as...as)
2、than
eg. the youth of today are better off than we used to be. 今天的年轻人比我们过去的境况要好。
3、according as
eg. you will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 你受表扬还是责备得看你的工作好坏决定。
4、in proportion as
eg. men are happy in proportion as they are virtuous. 人之幸福与德行成正比。
5、the most…in/of
eg. this book is the most interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。
6、the + 形容词+est…of/in
eg. this road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。
7、no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)
eg. i have no more than 10 yuan.我只有十元。
8、not more than不如.....(前者不如后者)
eg. she is not more beautiful than her mother.她没她妈妈好看。
9、one of the + 名词(复数) …之一(用于级)
eg. she is one of the best students in our class. 她是我们班的学生之一。
什么是状语从句?
状语就是在一句话中,表达该句的时间,地点,方式,原因,条件等的成分。 那么状语从句就是用一个从句,表示状语。
小升初考试需要掌握的状从:
一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、条件、结果、目的、让步、地点、原因、比较和方式。
难点:
a.掌握连词
b.注意时态,特别是时间,条件状语从句中的主将从现,主从时态一致原则
(1)时间状语从句
连词:when,while ,as soon as , not…until , before,after,since,etc.
注意:主将从现,主从时态一致
eg.:i will visit my good friend when i have time.
someone knocked at the door when/while i was sleeping.
he didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.
(2)地点状语从句
连词:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,nowhere
you can go anywhere you like.
(3)条件状语从句
连词: if,unless除非, as/so long as只要,once一旦
eg.:if it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.
you'll fail in the e_am unless you work harder.
(4)结果状语从句:
连词: so taht,so+adj./adv.+that, such+n.+that
eg.: she was so angry that she couldn't speak.
she worked hard so that everything got ready by 6 o'clock.
(5)目的状语从句
连词: so that,in order that
eg.: please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.
(6)让步状语从句
连词: although, though, as, even though/if, whether…or not, no matter+疑问词/疑问词-ever
(7)原因状语从句
连词:because, since/now that, as
语气的强弱:because,since次之,as最弱
(8)比较状语从句
连词:as…as, not as/so…as, …than
(9)方式状语从句
连词:as,as if/though好像
关于比较状语从句知识点归纳总结
一、在英语状语从句学习中,有一种从句是由:原级:as…as(和……一样),not so(as)…as …(和不一样);比较级:more…than(更);最高级:the most…in/of, the + 形容词+est…of/in。常用引导词:as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较);特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; no … more than;not a so much as b引导的,由这类词引导的状语从句叫做比较状语从句,主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的`句子之中。
二、1、as/so + 原级 + as;它的意思是, 和......一样,(其中 as/so 是副词,意思是“同样地”,后一个 as 是连词),如:
my hometown is as/so beautiful as hangzhou
我的家乡和杭州一样美。
2、no + 比较级 + than ,它的意思是,最多和......一样,只不过,如:
i have no more than two dollars left in my pocket.
我口袋里只剩下两元钱了.(有钱少的含义)
3、not more than,不多于,如:
i have not more than two dollars left in my pocket.
我口袋里顶多还有两元钱.(没有钱多钱少的含义)
4、no less than 不亚于,至少和...一样,如:
he has got no less presents than i did last time.
他收到的礼品不亚于我上次收到的.(有收到多的含义)
5、not less than 不少于,如:
he has got not less presents than i did last time.
他收到的礼品不少于我上次收到的.(不包含多或少的含义)
6、比较级 + than,比...优上,如:
our class is bigger than yours.
我们班的规模比你们的大.
7、the 比较级 + the 比较级,越如何就越如何,如:
the more we can do for you,the happier we will be.
为你们做得越多我们就越感到高兴.
8、less + 原级 + than,不如,比...较差,如:
this kind of food is less e_pensive than that one.这种食品不如那一种贵.
9、not so + 原级 + as,不如,不及,如:
the film today is not so interesting than the one yesterday.
今天的电影不如昨天的那个有意思.
10、than 比,as/so ...as 和...一样,the more...the more 越...越...
三、比较状语从句从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句,它通常可和以下关联词来引导as(或so)...as, than, according as, in proportion as等。
1. he woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.
他醒来得和入睡一样突然。(第一个as是副词)
2. i have never seen so much rain as fell that february.
我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。(否定结构常用so…as, 也可用as... as)
3. man developed earlier than people think.
人类的出现比人们所想的要早。
4. he moves more slowly than his sister does.
他行动起来比他妹妹慢。
5. the youth of today are better off than we used to be.
今天的年轻人比我们过去的境况要好。
6. you may go or stay, according as you decide.
是去是留由你自己决定。
7. you will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.
你受表扬还是责备得看你的工作好坏决定。
8. men are happy in proportion as they are virtuous.
人之幸福与德行成正比。
9. some people are happy in proportion as they are noticed.
有些人越受到注意就越高兴。
10. this book is the most interesting of the three.
这本书是三本中最有趣的。
11. this road is the busiest street in our city.
这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。
12. food is to men what oil is to machine.
食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。
状语从句知识点总结示例
状语从句知识点总结:whenever引导的两类状语从句
■引导让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句,表示“无论何时”,相当于 at whatever time, no matter when等。如:
whenever i see him, he’s reading.
我无论什么时候看到他,他都在看书。
whenever i go to london i try to see vieky.
我什么时候去伦敦,都设法去看看维基。
whenever you come, you are welcome.
你什么时候来,我们都欢迎。
■引导时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句,表示“每当”“一……就”,与when用法相似,但语气更强。如:
the roof leaks whenever it rains.
这屋顶一下雨就漏。
i go to the theatre whenever i get the chance.
一有机会我就去看戏。
whenever i mention playing football, he says he’s too busy.
我一跟他提踢足球的事, 他就说太忙。
从句主语和谓语有时可以有所省略。如:
whenever (it is) possible, he goes to see her.
只要有可能,他就去看她。
robbie had arranged for this man to come whenever needed.
罗比安排好,随时需要这人就可以来。
1.时间状语从句
引导连词有when,while,till,not…until,since,after ,before ,as soon as
the bus won’t start until everybody gets on.
公共汽车直到每人都上车为止,才开动。
when he knocked at the door i was cooking.
当他敲门时,我正在煮饭。
last night before he came back home, his wife had already cooked dinner and waited for 2 hours.
昨天晚上在他回到家之前,他的妻子已经做好晚饭足足等了他两小时之久。
after i went to church, i went shopping.
2. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
where there is a will, there is a way. 哪里有志向,哪里就有出路。有志者事竟成。
where there is a life, there is a hope. 哪里有生命,哪里就有希望。 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
wherever you go, whatever you do, i will be right here waiting for you.
不管你去哪里,不管你做什么,我都会在此守侯你。
3.原因状语从句
引导连词有because,as, since。
he didn′t see the film because he had seen it.
他没有看那部电影,因为他已经看过了。
they couldn’t get on the train,for it was too crowed.
比较:because, since, as和for
1) because语势,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。
i didn't go, because i was afraid.
since /as the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。
he is absent today, because / for he is ill.
he must be ill, for he is absent today.
注意
because不能和so 连用。
4. 目的状语从句
引导连词有 that, so that…,in order that。
he must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.
他必须早起,以便能赶上第一辆公共汽车。
什么是状语从句?
状语就是在一句话中,表达该句的时间,地点,方式,原因,条件等的成分。 那么状语从句就是用一个从句,表示状语。
小升初考试需要掌握的状从:
一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、条件、结果、目的、让步、地点、原因、比较和方式。
难点:
a.掌握连词
b.注意时态,特别是时间,条件状语从句中的主将从现,主从时态一致原则
(1)时间状语从句
连词:when,while ,as soon as , not…until , before,after,since,etc.
注意:主将从现,主从时态一致
eg.:i will visit my good friend when i have time.
someone knocked at the door when/while i was sleeping.
he didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.
(2)地点状语从句
连词:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,nowhere
you can go anywhere you like.
(3)条件状语从句
连词: if,unless除非, as/so long as只要,once一旦
eg.:if it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.
you'll fail in the e_am unless you work harder.
(4)结果状语从句:
连词: so taht,so+adj./adv.+that, such+n.+that
eg.: she was so angry that she couldn't speak.
she worked hard so that everything got ready by 6 o'clock.
(5)目的状语从句
连词: so that,in order that
eg.: please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.
(6)让步状语从句
连词: although, though, as, even though/if, whether…or not, no matter+疑问词/疑问词-ever
(7)原因状语从句
连词:because, since/now that, as
语气的强弱:because,since次之,as最弱
(8)比较状语从句
连词:as…as, not as/so…as, …than
(9)方式状语从句
连词:as,as if/though好像
知识点总结
一、让步状语从句
所谓让步,就是我们日常生活中“退一步说……”的意思,有一种转折关系在里面。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although,while, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever,一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,“无论……”。用法如下:
1、though, although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet, still或never,the less连用,但不能与but连用。例如:
although/though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。
值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
2、as,though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。例如:
hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。
3、 even if, even though 表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意,含有一种假设。 这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事。例如:
we’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。
4、whether...or...表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:
you'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼 。
5、“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如:
no matter what happened, he would not mind. (=whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。
但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如:whatever (=no matter what) you say, i won’t believe you. (whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
i'll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。
二、比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般是指含有比较级的句子中由as或than引起的从句。从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句,例如:
he moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行动起来比他妹妹慢。
he works as hard as his brother(does). 他学习和他哥哥一样努力。
常见考法
对于让步和比较状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题: it is very late now, the workers are still working in the factory.
a although b as c when d if
解析:本题考查让步状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意“尽管现在很晚了,工人们仍然在工厂工作”,前后有转折关系,是让步状语从句。
误区提醒
用though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气。例如:
不能说:though he looks weak, but he is healthy.
而要说:though he looks weak, he is healthy.
或者说:he looks weak, but he is healthy.
典型例题:though it rained heavily yesterday, he got to school on time.
a but b / c and
解析:题干的意思是“尽管昨天下大雨了,他还是按时到达了学校”,前后是转折关系,有同学可能会选a,但hough/although和but不能同时使用,所以选b。
答案:b
状语从句知识点总结
目的状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生目的的状语从句。用于引导目的状语从句的连词不多,比较常用的'有in order that和so that,另外,in case有时也可引导目的状语从句。
1. 用in order that引导:in order that的意思是为了。如:
he studied hard in order that he could pass the e_am. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。
he left early in order that he should / would / might arrive on time. 他早早动身好按时到达。
该结构有时可与 in order to 转换。如:
he is working hard in order to pass the e_amination.=he is working hard in order that he can pass the e_amination. 为了考试及格,他正在努力学习。
2. 用so that引导:so that此时的意思是以便。如:
bring it closer that i might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。
she burned the letters so that her husband would never read them. 她把信都烧了,这样一来她丈夫就永远看不到了。
注意:so that引导目的状语从句与引导结果状语从句时的意思不一样。
关于状语从句知识点总结:
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状语从句的简化、状语从句的`省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如:
when ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public ne_t year .
当(博物馆)完成,该博物馆将于明年向公众开放
hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
如果可能,他将去海边度假的话
另外,比较状语从句经常省略。例如:
im taller than he (is tall ).
我比他高
the higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
温度越高,压力越大
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行简化。状语从句的简化现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。
状语从句的简化现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:
1、时间状语从句
常用引导词:when、as、while、as soon as、before、after、since、till、until
特殊引导词:the minute、the moment、the second、every time、the day、immediately、directly、no sooner…than(一……就……)、hardly…when(刚一……就……)、scarcely…when(几乎没有…的时候)
2、地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever、anywhere、everywhere
3、原因状语从句
常用引导词:because、since、as、for
特殊引导词:seeing that、now that、in that、considering that、given that
4、结果状语从句
常用引导词:so…that、such…that
特殊引导词:such that、to the degree that、to the e_tent that、to such a degree that
5、目的状语从句
常用引导词:so that、such that
特殊引导词:to the degree that、to the e_tent that、to such a degree that、in order that
6、条件状语从句
常用引导词:if、unless、whether(whether…or not)
特殊引导词:as/so long as、only if、providing/provide that、supposing that、in case that、on condition that
7、让步状语从句
常用引导词:though、although、even if、even though
特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)、while(一般用在句首)、no matter…、in spite of the fact that、whatever、whoever、wherever、whenever、however、whichever
8、方式状语从句
常用引导词:as、as if、how
特殊引导词:the way
9、比较状语从句
常用引导词:as(同级比较)、than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more…the more…、just as…、so…、a to b is what/as c is to d、no…more than、not so much a as b
■引导时间状语从句的从属连词
引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,如较基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等:
things were different when i was a child. 我小时候情况与现在不同。
we must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
it’s a long time since i met you last. 从上次见到你,已有很长时间了。
he waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。
除以上基本的引导时间状语从句的从属连词外,还有些本来不是从属连词却可用作从属连词的词:
(1) 表示“一…就”的从属连词:the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如:
immediately he came i told him the news. 他一来我就把消息告诉了他。
the moment i saw him i knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道没希望了。
we had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我们刚出发就下雨了。
once he arrives, we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。
(2) 涉及time的几个从属连词:every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) ne_t time(下次),any time(随时),the last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如:
every time i see her i’ll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起这事。
he felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话,他都感到紧张。
he didn’t tell me the last time i saw him. 我上次见到他时他没告诉我。
■与时间状语从句有关的时态问题
关于这个问题有两点值得注意:
(1) 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时,时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态:
turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。
i will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就告诉他。
(2) 与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态:
he has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来,他就一直住在这儿。
where have you been since i last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?
注在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用过去完成时或一般现在时:
it seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。
yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。
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