these apples 这些苹果
those oranges 那些桔子
these or those 这些还是那些
good idea 好主意
play football 踢足球
a glass of milk/juice 一杯牛奶/果汁
a cup of coffee/tea 一杯咖啡/茶
at a snack bar 在一家小吃店里
something to eat 一些吃的东西
something to drink 一些喝的东西
some noodles 一些面条
how about...? ……怎么样?
orange/apple juice 桔汁/苹果汁
go to school by bike 骑自行车去学校
be free 有空
in the school 在学校
some chocolate 一些巧克力
some sweets 一些糖果
some dolls 一些洋娃娃
very much 很;非常
near her school 在她的学校附近
her parents 她的父母
give sb.sth=give sth.to sb.给某人某物,give in投降,
give up doing sth放弃, give out 分发,
give a way to对...让步, on the earth在地球上,
both....and既....又..... 就近原则 neither....nor既不....又不,就近原则
either...or要么....要么.there be, not only...but also就近原则,,
may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也许
in addition to ..除...以外(还有) =besides, but 除..之外,,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形, e_cept,除....之外(不包括)
on holiday度假, of course=,sure当然
all types of呼种, part time job,一份兼职工作
on one's own独自, be led by由....带领
module 6 过去进行时
用法:1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态,一般常和at that time, at 点yesterday, then, last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when i arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。
2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。
结构:was /were +v-ing
go on继续, go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事),
go on to do sth继续做某事(另一件事),
go on with sth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,
how is it going ?=how are you getting on /along?近况如何?
by the river,在河边
at this time yesterday昨天 的这个时候, in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物)
on a tree =on the tree,在树上,(树本身的) smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑,
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉进,跌入
fall off掉下来, fall behind ,落后,跟不上
fall in love with,爱上 be careful,小心
by mistake由于出错 at that /this time在那/这时
have nothing to do没事可做, nothing strange没什么奇怪的,
take sth. out of ....把...从...拿出来, happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
感官动词see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+ving(表示动作正在进行)
under th hedge在树篱下面, go down下去,
think about考虑, think of想起,认为,
think over仔细考虑, think out,想出
think hard,努力想,努力思考 what happened to sb.?某人发生了什么事?
be on上演, go off熄灭,停,
英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时,先后顺序是“二、三、一”
not ...until直到....才......(主句中常用非延续性动词)
till/until直到......为止(主句中常用延续性动词)
something wrong with...,出了毛病, lie in bed 躺在床上,
jump out of从...跳出来,on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上
on one's way home在某人回家的路上,from ....to,从...到....(动词+ving)
when,while ,as的区别 当...时候
when可与持续性动词连用,表示'一段时间,'也可与短暂性动词连用,表示'时刻'.主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用when
while表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只能用while
as与when同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展.
wear out穿坏,穿旧,用坏, cheer up 使振奋;使兴奋,
follow one's advice听从某人的建议, look into向...的里面看,
stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop ...from doing sth.阻止....做某事, what kind哪种,
a kind of一种, all kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的,
kind of =a bit=a little有点, walk along沿着....走,
by mistake错误地,无意地, by oneself单独,独立地,
by the way,顺便说 墙的表面用on,墙的内部用in
have something to do有事可做,have something to eat有可吃的东西,
have nothing to drink没有什么喝的东西 feel tired感到疲劳
no one,一般不与of连用,动词用单数,只指人,一般用来回答who
none ,可与of连用,动词可用单数或复数,指人或物,回答how many /how much引导的问句,以及含any+n 的一般问句
nothing,指物,动词用单数,
without doing sth.没做, be tired=get tired累了,
during the day一整天,
被动语态的结构是:be+及物动词的过去分词
变法:1主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.
2.主+谓+间宾+直宾 将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.
3主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主
4.主+谓+宾+宾补宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主.
5.主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen
to )变为被动时,后加to
6.主+短语动词+宾语, 宾作主,短变被,其余不变,by原主.
7.带有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to
等要将to后来动词变以被动
动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语,叫短语动词。主要有四类:
一、动词+副词
有的一般不跟宾语,如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟宾语,如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fi_ up, hand in, mi_ up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意:宾语是名词时,放在副词前面或后面都可以,但若作宾语的是人称代词时,就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如:
we’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。
we’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)
二、动词+介词
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如:
i don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。
三、动词+副词+介词
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:
she soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。
四、动词+名词+介词
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如:
take care of your brother while i am away. 我不在的时候,你要照顾好你弟弟。
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