知识要点:
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定,则要看句子的意思。多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如: 1)the book is on the table. 2)he is reading english. 3)to work hard is necessary.(it is necessary to work hard.) 4)how you get there is a problem.
2、复数主语跟复数动词。如:children like to play toys.
3、在倒装句中,动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头,be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如: 1)there is a dog near the door. 2)there were no schools in this area before liberation. 4)on the wall were two famous paintings. 5)here is mr brown and his children.
4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, e_cept, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语,谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如: 1)jane, mary and i are good friends. 2)he and my father work in the same factory. 3)his sister, no less than you, is wrong. 4)the father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident. 5)he, like you and _iao liu is very diligent. 6)every picture e_cept these two has been sold. 7)alice with her parents often goes to the park on sundays. 8)alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert. 9)nobody but mary and i was in the classroom at that time.
5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词没有冠词。如: 2)bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。 1)every boy and girl has been invited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。 2)no teacher and no student is absent today. 今天没有老师和学生缺席。 3)many a student is busy with their lessons. 许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。
7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: 1)each takes a cup of tea. 2)either is correct. 3)neither of them likes this picture.
8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: 1)is everyone here? 2)nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。
9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如: 1)those who want to go please sign their names here. 2)anyone who is against this opinion may speak out. 3)he is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.
10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。如: 1)three years is not a long time. 2)ten dollars is what he needs. 3)five hundred miles is a long distance.
11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等),动词用单数形式。如: 1)the united states is in north america. 2)the united nations has passed a resolution(决议)。 3)“the arabian nights”(《天方夜谭》)is an interesting book.
导语为了方便同学们的学习,新东方在线新概念英语网为大家整理了新概念英语第二册学习方法总结。新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程,以其全新的教学理念,有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练,深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。希望以下内容能够为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!
一、单词
生词部分是《新概念英语》中比较重要的环节,很多同学在学习英语单词时都会陷入一个“死记硬背”的怪圈,其实,大家在背诵英语单词时,应该适当掌握一些英文单词的构词方法,这样会更加有助于我们对单词的理解和掌握。
因为英文词汇中很多小词是安格鲁·撒克逊语,也就是英国人本土的词汇,如look,food,cat,dog等等。但由于历史的原因,英文中还有大量的词汇是外来语,具体来说就是法语和拉丁语的词英语化之后沉淀在英文之中的。它们在英文中占很大的比例,所以这些词是可以依照一些构词法的规律来掌握。
我们在学习一个单词时,也应该去试着掌握这个词的不同词性,以及它的同义词、反义词等等。这样一来,掌握了一个词也就等于掌握了它的整个家族。
我们还应该注意一词多义的现象,因此同一个词在不同语境,不同背景下会有截然不同的意义,切不可望文生义。这一点的掌握,有助于提高我们的阅读技巧,尤其是根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
二、背诵
从第二册开始,每课为短文。这些短文语言优美精炼,自然地道,内容广泛,因此背诵不失为学习《新概念英语》的好方法。俗话说:“熟读唐诗三百首,不会写诗也会吟。”
当然,在课堂上如果暂时还没有办法快速的背诵课文,我会引导学生试着看中文翻译来复述原文,为了加深学生对文章的印象,在课堂上可以组织学生进行对话练习,以小组为单位相互协作完成背诵。
所谓熟能生巧,大量的背诵积累可以培养一个学生的语感,实践证明,一个大量背诵英语文章的学生,即使对句子不作语法分析,在解决单选、完形填空、短文改错等题型时,准确率也是相当高的。
三、写作
写作是真正衡量一个人英语水平的标尺,所以它是一个长期训练和积累的过程。
《新概念英语2》整本书是从最简单的简单句写起,一步一步引导你写出较复杂的句子,再到不提供提示,独立写出句子和段落,循序渐进,从而可以为大家的英语写作打下坚实的基础。除了课堂上的练习,大家在课后可以试着去总结一些考试中的高分句型,比如倒装句、强调句等,并且根据这些句型进行一些有针对性的练习,从而提高自己的英语写作水平。
support vt./n. 1.支持,拥护2.支撑3.供养,维持
support oneself 自食其力
例句:jane has been supporting herself in college.
简在大学里一直自食其力。
。更多阅读请查看本站新概念英语网频道。
三.分词
1.分词的性质:
具有形容词性质,可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语,现在分词表示主动,且动作在进行:过去分词表示被动,或动作已完成。
2.分词的形式:
例: write (vt) rise (vi)
主动语态 被动语态 主动 过去分词
时态
现在时 writing being written rising risen /
完成时 having written having been written having risen /
3.分词的用法:
(1)定语 分词置于被修饰名词前
分词短语于置于被修饰名词后
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping
a running dog = a dog which is running
a broken glass = a glass which is broken
a beaten team = a team which is beaten(beaten 是被打败的意思)
this is the problem discussed at the last meeting.
the problem being discussed is very important.
(2)表语:the book is interesting.
he is interested in the book.
the news is e_citing.
he feels e_cited.
(3)宾语补足语:
when i woke up, i found my mother sitting beside me.
i'd like to havethis package weighed.
掌握精髓:动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程,而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示被动概念。
(4)状语:(以下例句值得一背!)
① if you turn to the left, you'll find the station.
→ turning to the left, you'll find the station.
② as i didn't receive her letter, i called her up by telephone.
→ not receiving her letter, i called her up by telephone.
1.enable vt.使能够,使成为可能
enable sb. to do sth. 是某人能够(cause sb. to be able to do sth. )
例句:it enables everyone to e_perience critical thinking on important issues while investigating solutions to problems from a global perspective.
在从全球视角探讨问题解决方法时,这还使每个人能体验在重要问题上进行批评式思考的过程。
2.lose v. 降低;减少;摆脱
lose weight 减肥,减轻体重(be lighter in weight)
例句:i prefer to eat everything i like and then run much to lose weight.
我宁愿吃所有我想吃的东西,然后通过多跑步来减肥。
lose heart 失去信心,泄气(lose confidence; be discouraged)
例句:where there is a will, there is a way. you must never lose heart on your way to success.
有志者事竟威。在通向成功的路上你永远都不要失去信心。
3.surface n. 1.地面,表面2.外表
scratch the surface 只做了肤浅的研究;只抓了点皮毛
a:you've certainly done a lot of research for your project.
你确实对你的课题做了不少研究。
b:it seems like a lot, but actually i've only scratched the surface.
好像是不少,但事实上我只做了肤浅的研究。
4.why adv.为什么
why bother 别费劲;没有必要
a:i ought to call joan and tell her about the meeting this afternoon.
我该给琼打个电话,告诉她今天下午有个会。
b:why bother? you'll see her at lunch.
有必要吗?反正你吃午饭的时候会见到她。
1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
● he hasn't seen her lately.
● i haven't finished the book yet.
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如:so far(迄今为止),up till now(直到现在),since, for a long time(很长时间),up to present(直到现在),in the past / in the last few years(在过去的几年里),these days(目前)……
. he has worked here for 15 years.
. i have studied english since i came here.
. the foreigner has been away from china for a long time.
. so far, i haven't received a single letter from my brother.
3.某些非延续性动词(即:动作开始便终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。黄金要点:i.常见的非延续动词:die, arrive(到达),join(加入),leave(离开),go, refuse(拒 绝),fail(失败),finish,buy,marry,divorce(离婚),awake(醒) ,buy,borrow,lend ...(背三遍!)
ii.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。
iii.但若是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
● she has gone away for a month.(误)
● she has been away for a month (正)
● the man has died for two years.(误)
● the man has been dead for two years.(正)
● how long have youbought the book?(误)
● how long have you got the book.(正)
4.注意 since的用法:
. they haven't had any troublesince they came here.
. it has been ten years since we met last time.
. he has been heresince 1980.
. he has been heresince ten years ago.
5.几组对比:he has gone to shanghai. 他到上海去了。
he has been to shanghai. 他去过上海。
she has gone. 她已走了。
she is gone. 她缺席了。(or她死了。)
the door has been closed. 门关上了。(动作)
知识要点:
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定,则要看句子的意思。多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如: 1)the book is on the table. 2)he is reading english. 3)to work hard is necessary.(it is necessary to work hard.) 4)how you get there is a problem.
2、复数主语跟复数动词。如:children like to play toys.
3、在倒装句中,动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头,be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如: 1)there is a dog near the door. 2)there were no schools in this area before liberation. 4)on the wall were two famous paintings. 5)here is mr brown and his children.
4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, e_cept, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语,谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如: 1)jane, mary and i are good friends. 2)he and my father work in the same factory. 3)his sister, no less than you, is wrong. 4)the father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident. 5)he, like you and _iao liu is very diligent. 6)every picture e_cept these two has been sold. 7)alice with her parents often goes to the park on sundays. 8)alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert. 9)nobody but mary and i was in the classroom at that time.
5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词没有冠词。如: 2)bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。 1)every boy and girl has been invited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。 2)no teacher and no student is absent today. 今天没有老师和学生缺席。 3)many a student is busy with their lessons. 许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。
7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: 1)each takes a cup of tea. 2)either is correct. 3)neither of them likes this picture.
8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: 1)is everyone here? 2)nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。
9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如: 1)those who want to go please sign their names here. 2)anyone who is against this opinion may speak out. 3)he is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.
10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。如: 1)three years is not a long time. 2)ten dollars is what he needs. 3)five hundred miles is a long distance.
11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等),动词用单数形式。如: 1)the united states is in north america. 2)the united nations has passed a resolution(决议)。 3)“the arabian nights”(《天方夜谭》)is an interesting book.
1.mess n. 杂乱无章,混杂
make a mess of 把…搞得一团糟(另一起记忆同义习语mess up)
例句:larry certainly made a mess of that paint job.
拉里可是把那份粉刷工作搞得一团糟。
2.pale adj.1.(脸色)苍白的,灰白的2.(色泽)淡的,暗淡的
pale yellow 淡黄色
a: we have this or you might be interested in these note-cards.
我们有这个,也许你对这些作笔记的卡片也会感兴趣。
b: i think i'd really rather have some pale yellow paper for my correspondence.
我想我更需要一些写信用的淡黄色信纸。
3.post vt.派驻 n. 职位
resign one's post 辞职(quit)
例句:mr. johnson, have you heard the morning news report? brown has resigned his post as prime minister.
绚翰逊先生,你听到早晨的新闻广播了吗?布朗已经辞去首相的职务了。
bulletin n. 1.新闻简报,公告2.(医生发表的知名人士的)病情报告
bulletin board 广告栏,布告栏
例句:didn't alice do a terrific job on the bulletin board.
爱丽丝那个布告栏做得真好。
现在进行时:
1 表示正在进行的动作
2 表示现阶段正在做的事
3 表示将要做的事
结构:主 + am/is/are + doing
一般过去时:过去某一时间点进行的动作
结构: 主 + did
一般将来时: 表示对将来的打算
结构: 主 + will/shall + do
现在完成时: 表示发生在过去对现在产生影响的动作
结构: 主 + have/has done
过去进行时: 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作
结构: 主 + was/were + doing
将来进行时: 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作
结构: 主+ will/shall + be doing
过去完成时: 表示动作在过去某一时间点之前已经完成 (过去的过去,通常与一般过去时互为主从句)
结构: 主 + had done
将来完成时: 表示到未来某一时间将已经完成的动作
结构: 主 + will/shall + have done
现在完成进行时: 表示动作从过去开始,持续到现在,对现在造成影响
结构: 主 + have/has + been doing
将来完成进行时:表示状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的时间
结构:主 + will have + been doing
过去完成进行时:表示动作在过去更早的某一时间段内持续进行,并对过去产生影响。
结构:主 + had + been doing
active a. 1.有活力的,活跃的2.积极的
active for 积极地追求
例句:he is ardently active for the object.
他热情积极地追求那一目标。
三.分词
1.分词的性质:
具有形容词性质,可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语,现在分词表示主动,且动作在进行:过去分词表示被动,或动作已完成。
2.分词的形式:
例: write (vt) rise (vi)
主动语态 被动语态 主动 过去分词
时态
现在时 writing being written rising risen /
完成时 having written having been written having risen /
3.分词的用法:
(1)定语 分词置于被修饰名词前
分词短语于置于被修饰名词后
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping
a running dog = a dog which is running
a broken glass = a glass which is broken
a beaten team = a team which is beaten(beaten 是被打败的意思)
this is the problem discussed at the last meeting.
the problem being discussed is very important.
(2)表语:the book is interesting.
he is interested in the book.
the news is e_citing.
he feels e_cited.
(3)宾语补足语:
when i woke up, i found my mother sitting beside me.
i'd like to havethis package weighed.
掌握精髓:动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程,而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示被动概念。
(4)状语:(以下例句值得一背!)
① if you turn to the left, you'll find the station.
→ turning to the left, you'll find the station.
② as i didn't receive her letter, i called her up by telephone.
→ not receiving her letter, i called her up by telephone.
1.fall v. 跌倒;摔倒;失势;下降
fall over oneself 全力,竭尽所能
例句:he fell over himself and did an e_cellent job on the presentation.
他全力以赴,发言做得很棒。
fall into...分成(can be divided into several parts)
例句:1.all the environmental problems fall into three categories.
所有环境问题可分为三类。
2.the development of english language fall into three reasonably distant periods.
英语语言的发展可以分为三个不同的时期。
2.laboratory n. 实验室;研究室
laboratory assistant实验室助理
例句:the laboratory assistant swept off the broken glass.
实验室助理员把碎玻璃打扫走了。
3.mark n. 1.标记2.分数,斑点 n. 1.记分 2.作标记
mark (grade, score) the papers 阅卷,判卷(to give mark/grade/score to the papers)
a:did you say that your teaching assistant would mark the e_am papers?
你是说由你的助教来判卷吗?
b:no. i said that he would collect the papers. i'll grade them myself.
不,我是说他收卷,我将亲自判卷。
4.section n. 一块;一都分
editorial section (报纸的)社论版
a:would you pass me the sports section, please?
你能不能把体育版给我?
b:sure, if you pass me the classified ads and editorial section.
当然,那你把分类广告版和社论版给我。
5.yet conj.虽然如此;仍然
yet to be... 有待(e_pected to be)
例句:more discoveries are yet to be made to uncover the mystery.
要揭开这个谜还有待更多的发现。
1.attention 注意,立正姿势
bring one's attention to (make sb. notice, remind sb. of)
例句:your honor! i'd like to bring the jury's attention to some points that i feel are relevant to the case at this time.
法官大人!我想请陪审团注意到我认为与此案有关的一些情况。
2.hair n. 头发
do one's hair 做头发
例句:she does her hair every other year.
她每隔一年换一个发型。
3.sharp adj. 1.尖的,锋利的2.突转的,突然的3.尖声的,刺耳的
look sharp 快,赶紧
例句:look sharp. otherwise we'll be late.
快点儿。要不然我们就迟到了。
4.should n. 肩
a shoulder to cry on 患难时可以依靠的人
例句:he is a true pal. he is really a shoulder to cry on when you are in difficulties.
他真够哥们儿。有困难时,可以依靠他。
with an old head on a young shoulder老气横秋,老成 (looking older or more mature than sb. is)
例句:i was convinced by clark again. he was a child with an old head on a young shoulder.
我又一次被克拉克说服了。他可是少年老成。
一、名词的种类:
1、专有名词 1) china, japan, beijing, london, tom, jack(不加冠词) 2) the great wall, the yellow river, the people’s republic of china, the united states等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。)
2、普通名词 1) 不可数名词 注意:a) 不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如:have a wonderful time. b) 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 c) 不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式。如:fishes(各种各样的鱼), newspapers(各种报纸), waters(河湖、海水), snows(积雪)…… d) 有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。如:times 时代,works 著作,difficulties 困难 e) 在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。如:a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….
2)可数名词: 可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词:a bird. the frog is a kind of hibernating animal. vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. 有复数形式: a) 规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略) b) 不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), englishman (englishmen), phenomenon (phenomena)… c) 单、复数同形:sheep, deer, chinese, japanese, fish(同一种鱼)如,a sheep, two sheep d) 只用复数形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes e) 形复实单:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means. f) 形单实复:people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等 g) 集合名词如:family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时,为单数;当作为整体中的各个成员时,为复数。如: my family is a big one. my family are music lovers. h) 复合名词变复数时: i.只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如:sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹;step-son (s)继子;editor(s)-in-chief总编辑 ii.如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中间人 注意:1) 名词复数的词尾是-s或-es,它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如:teachers’ day, the workers’ rest-home(工人疗养院),the students’ reading-room 2) 复合名词的所有格,在后面的词后加“’s”。如:her son-in-law’s photo(她女婿的照片);anybody else’s book(其他任何人的书) 3) 如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有,则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”; 如果不是共有,则每个词后都要加“’s”。如:jane and helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有). bill’s and tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机(不共有) 5) 有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词,也可加“’s”表所有格。如:half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程), china’s agriculture (中国的农业)
2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组,表示所有格。如:the cover of the book
3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of,特别是名词较长,有较多的定语时。如:the story of dr norman bethune,do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?
4、“of词组+所有格”的用法: 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如:a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)时,常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如: a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。 some inventions of edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明 those e_ercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本
专项训练
1、there are only twelve ______ in the hospital. a.brothers-in-law b.brother-in-laws c.brothers-in-laws d.brothers-in law
3、—how many ______ does a cow have? —four. a.stomaches b.stomach c.stomachs d.stomachies
4、some ______ visited our school last wednesday. a.german b.germen c.germans d.germens
5、the ______ of the building are covered with lots of ______ . a.roofs; leaves b.rooves; leafs c.roof; leaf d.roofs; leafs
6、when the farmer returned home he found three ______ missing. a.sheeps b.sheepes c.sheep d.sheepies
7、that was a fifty ______ engine. a.horse power b.horses power c.horse powers d.horses powers
8、my father often gives me ______ . a.many advice b.much advice c.a lot of advices d.a few advice
9、mary broke a ______ while she was washing up. a.tea cup b.a cup of tea c.tea’s cup d.cup tea
10、can you give us some ______ about the writer? a.informations b.information c.piece of informations d.pieces information
(后设答案,大家不要偷看哦~(_^__^_) 嘻嘻……) keys 1.b 2.a 3.c stomach(胃)虽是'ch'结尾,但其发音为[k],所以加's',不用加'es' 4.c 5.a roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式,直接加's'。 6.c 7.a 名词作定语一般不用复数 8.b 9.a 根据句意,打破的应是杯子,而不是茶;名词作定语表类别不用加''s' 10.b
1.love to 愿意
a:would you love to go to see the new french film with me?
你愿意和我一起去看这部新上映的法国影片吗?
b:i'd love to, but i'm afraid i can't understand the language.
我很想去,可是我怕听不懂法语。
2.on duty 值班,工作 (working, doing one's job during office hours)
例句:i used to sleep all day and work at night, but now i am on (duty) three days and off two.
我以前常常白天睡觉晚上工作,但现在我每值三天班就休息两天。
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